Modali u prošlosti – Modals in The Past

1. Kada želimo da kažemo da se u prošlosti sigurno nešto desilo , možemo da koristimo sledeću konstrukciju:

–> She must have been at home. I’m absolutely sure.

2. Suprotno bi bilo :

–> She can’t have been at home. She was working at the office.

3. MAY/ MIGHT / COULD + have + past participle

Za izražavanje mogućnosti, naročito ukoliko želimo da iskažemo nijanse:

–> Susan was late. She may have missed the bus.

4. SHOULD + have + past participle

Kada želimo da kritikujemo nekoga kako je trebalo nešto da uradi:

–> You should have come to the party. It was great!

–> They should have prepared the food on time!

5. SHOULDN’T + have + past participle

Kada želimo da kažemo da neko nije trebalo nešto da uradi:

–> He shouldn’t have argued.

–> Sara shouldn’t have seen the message.

6. NEEDN’T* + have + past participle

Ukoliko nešto nije trebalo da uradimo a ipak smo uradili , možemo da kažemo:

–> I needn’t have come. (Nisam morao da dolazim, ali sam ipak došao.)

–> You needn’t have made the phyllo dough. (Nije bilo potrebe da napraviš kore za pitu – iako si ih napravila)

*Postoji razlika između oblika needen’t have done i didn’t need to:

–> He didn’t need to get up early, so he didn’t. (Nije bilo potrebe da ustaje rano tako da nije.)

–> He needn’t have got up so early. (Probudio se vrlo rano iako nije bilo potrebe.¹)

Izvor:

Raymond Murphy, English Grammar in Use, 4. izd. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 64.