Passive Voice

1. Šta je pasivna konstrukcija?

Pasivna konstrukcija se koristi kada želimo da istaknemo objekat radnje, a ne ko vrši radnju.

Opšta struktura:

subject + auxiliary verb (to be) + past participle (+ by agent)

• Subject – osoba/objekat o kojem se govori.
• Auxiliary verb – glagol to be u odgovarajućem vremenu.
• Past participle – treći oblik glagola (npr. eat → eaten).
• By agent – opcioni deo, označava izvršioca radnje (by someone).

Primer:

• Active: The chef cooks the meal.
• Passive: The meal is cooked by the chef.

U pasivu, originalni objekat postaje subjekat rečenice.

2. Kada koristimo pasiv?

1. Kada je izvršilac nepoznat ili nebitan:
   • My car was stolen.
2. Kada želimo istaknuti ono što je pogođeno radnjom:
   • English is spoken all over the world.
3. U formalnom ili naučnom stilu:
   • The experiment was conducted in controlled conditions.

3. Pregled pasiva po vremenima

Tense	Active Voice	Passive Voice	Primer
Present Simple	They clean the room.	The room is cleaned (by them).	The room is cleaned every day.
Present Continuous	They are cleaning the room.	The room is being cleaned (by them).	The room is being cleaned now.
Present Perfect	They have cleaned the room.	The room has been cleaned (by them).	The room has been cleaned already.
Past Simple	They cleaned the room.	The room was cleaned (by them).	The room was cleaned yesterday.
Past Continuous	They were cleaning the room.	The room was being cleaned (by them).	The room was being cleaned at 5 pm.
Past Perfect	They had cleaned the room.	The room had been cleaned (by them).	The room had been cleaned before we arrived.
Future Simple	They will clean the room.	The room will be cleaned (by them).	The room will be cleaned tomorrow.
Future Perfect	They will have cleaned the room.	The room will have been cleaned (by them).	The room will have been cleaned by noon.
Modal verbs	They should clean the room.	The room should be cleaned (by them).	The room should be cleaned regularly.

4. Ključne napomene

1. By-agent se izostavlja kada nije važno ko vrši radnju.
   • Active: Someone stole my bag.
   • Passive: My bag was stolen.
2. Nepravilni glagoli koriste svoj past participle oblik:
   • eat → eaten, write → written, see → seen
3. Glagoli bez objekta (intransitive) se ne mogu staviti u pasiv.
   • Npr. “He sleeps” → ne može u pasiv.
4. U pitanjima i negacijama se koristi pomoćni glagol to be:
   • Is the room cleaned?
   • The room is not cleaned yet.